Pooled interdependence is best characterized by an arrangement that allows various subunits within an organization to operate independently while still combining their resources for a common purpose. This type of interdependence suggests that each subunit contributes to the overall outcome without needing to coordinate its processes closely with the others.
In pooled interdependence, subunits do their work separately but must ensure their outputs can be integrated at a later stage. For example, different departments in a healthcare organization, like billing, patient care, and administration, may work independently on their specific tasks but ultimately must align their resources to provide comprehensive patient care efficiently. This allows for efficiency and specialization since each unit can focus on its tasks without the constant need for communication or coordination that other types of interdependence would require.
The other options describe characteristics of different types of interdependence, such as sequential or reciprocal interdependence, where there is a greater need for coordination and communication among units, or an organization with a strictly hierarchical structure, which doesn't align with the concept of pooled interdependence.